Shotgun Ammo Demystified: A Closer Look at 20 Gauge Shells

Shotguns are highly versatile firearms, and understanding the various types of ammunition available is essential for optimizing their performance. One popular shotgun gauge is the 20 gauge, known for its balance between power, versatility, and reduced recoil. Let’s take a closer look at 20 gauge shells to demystify their characteristics and applications.

1. Gauge and Shell Length: The term “20 gauge” refers to the diameter of the shotgun barrel and the corresponding ammunition. A 20 gauge shotgun has a bore diameter of 0.615 inches. The standard shell length for 20 gauge ammunition is 2¾ inches, although 3-inch shells are also available for increased payload capacity and performance.
2. Shot Size: Shot size refers to the individual pellets contained within a shotgun shell. For 20 Gauge Ammo, shot sizes typically range from #9 (the smallest) to #2 or #3 (the largest), with smaller numbers indicating larger pellets. Shot size selection depends on the intended application, with smaller shot sizes suitable for small game hunting and larger shot sizes preferred for waterfowl or self-defense.
3. Payload and Velocity: The payload of a shotgun shell refers to the total weight of the shot contained within it. 20 gauge shells are available in various payload options, typically ranging from 7/8 oz to 1 oz or more. Higher payloads can provide denser patterns and increased energy transfer. The velocity of the shot, measured in feet per second (fps), also affects performance. Different loads offer varying velocities to cater to specific applications.
4. Shot Type: Shotgun shells can contain different types of shot material. The most common is lead shot, which offers excellent density and performance. However, some areas have restrictions on the use of lead shot due to environmental concerns. In such cases, alternative materials like steel, bismuth, or tungsten are used to achieve similar performance while adhering to regulations.
5. Specialty Loads: 20 gauge shells are available in various specialty loads to cater to specific shooting applications. For example, there are turkey loads designed for enhanced penetration and tight patterns for turkey hunting. Slugs, which are solid projectiles, are available for deer hunting or self-defense purposes, providing increased accuracy and stopping power.
6. Recoil Management: While the 20 gauge is known for reduced recoil compared to larger gauge shotguns, it is still essential to consider recoil management. Different loads and shot sizes produce varying levels of recoil. Lighter target loads with smaller shot sizes offer reduced recoil for extended shooting sessions or those sensitive to heavy recoil.
7. Ammunition Brands: Numerous reputable ammunition manufacturers produce 20 gauge shells, including Winchester, Federal, Remington, and many others. Each brand offers its own loadings, shot sizes, and performance characteristics, allowing shooters to find the right ammunition for their preferences and needs.

Understanding the characteristics and applications of 20 gauge shells is crucial for selecting the appropriate ammunition for your shooting activities. Consider the shot size, payload, shot type, and specialty loads based on your intended use—whether it’s hunting, sport shooting, or self-defense. Additionally, pay attention to recoil management and select ammunition from reputable brands known for their consistent performance.

By demystifying 20 gauge shells, you can make informed decisions and optimize your shotgun’s capabilities for a wide range of shooting applications.